Understanding Late Talkers: What Families Need to Know and Do

As a Speech-Language Pathologist, one of the most common concerns I hear from parents is about their toddler’s limited speech. These children are often referred to as late talkers—kids who show typical development in areas like play, motor skills, and social interaction, but who have a smaller spoken vocabulary than expected by around 18 to 30 months of age. While some kids do catch up on their own, many benefit greatly from early support. Knowing what to look for and how to help at home can make a lasting impact on your child’s language development.

How Late Talking Might Show Up

Late talkers may say very few words, rely more on gestures than speech, or not yet combine words by their second birthday. Often, they understand more than they can express, which can lead to meltdowns or frustration—especially when caregivers or peers don’t understand what they need. Unfortunately, well-meaning adults may unintentionally make things harder by asking too many questions or comparing the child’s speech to others. If you've ever felt unsure whether to wait it out or step in, know this: research supports early intervention. And the good news is that there are simple, practical language strategies you can use every day.

Tip #1: Get Face-to-Face and Follow Their Lead

Start by getting on your child's level—literally. Sit on the floor, make eye contact, and join them in whatever activity they're interested in. This creates a connection and makes your words more meaningful to them. If they’re playing with cars, narrate what’s happening: “Car go! Vroom! Crash!” By commenting instead of questioning, you remove pressure and model language in a way that feels fun and natural. The goal is to build interaction, not test their vocabulary.

Tip #2: Repetition, Simplicity, and Respect

Use simple, consistent language during everyday routines. At breakfast, say things like, “More toast?” or “Juice, please!” Repeating words helps your child make associations and encourages imitation. But just as importantly, avoid testing or shaming them—especially in front of others. Questions like, “Can you say apple?” or “Tell Grandma what this is,” can be discouraging if they’re not ready. Instead, model the word yourself: “This is apple. Yum!” Celebrate any attempt they make, and always maintain a warm, encouraging tone.

Tip #3: Expand on What They Say

When your child communicates—even with a gesture or sound—build on it. If they say “dog,” you can respond, “Yes, big dog!” or “Dog is running!” This is called language expansion. It introduces them to new vocabulary and sentence structure without expecting them to repeat or correct themselves. Over time, this modeling teaches them how to combine words and build phrases in a way that feels natural and supportive.

Tip #4: Create Opportunities to Communicate

Help your child practice using their words by creating small communication challenges throughout the day. For example, put a favorite snack in a sealed container and wait for them to gesture or vocalize before opening it. Or offer two choices: “Milk or water?” and hold up both options. Give them time to respond, then reinforce their choice by labeling it clearly: “Water? Great choice—here’s your water!” These tiny moments build confidence and reinforce the idea that their communication has power and value.

When a child is late to talk, it can feel stressful or uncertain for families. But small, intentional language strategies can make a meaningful difference. Support doesn’t have to come in the form of flashcards or pressure—it can be as simple as playful connection, consistency, and celebrating progress. And if you’re ever unsure about what’s typical or what’s next, reach out to a licensed Speech-Language Pathologist. With the right guidance and tools, your child can thrive.